Varactor diodes or varicap diodes are semiconductor devices that are widely used in the electronics industry and are used in many applications where a voltage controlled variable capacitance is required. Although the terms varactor diode and varicap diode can be used interchangeably, the more common term these days is the varactor diode.
Although ordinary PN junction diodes exhibit the variable capacitance effect and these diodes can be used for this applications, special diodes optimised to give the required changes in capacitance. Varactor diodes or varicap diodes normally enable much higher ranges of capacitance change to be gained as a result of the way in which they are manufactured. There are a variety of types of varactor diode ranging from relatively standard varieties to those that are described as abrupt or hyperabrupt varactor diodes.
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